PART 9 — FACE

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Study use: Rapid revision of facial anatomy, dangerous venous connections, infection, maxillofacial trauma, congenital craniofacial disorders, vascular lesions, facial skin malignancy, and systemic facial clues. Emergency and treatment points are intentionally concise and should be interpreted with the clinical context.

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Priority Guide: 🔴 Core / Must Know | 🟠 Important | 🟡 Additional

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🎯 High-Yield Overview

• Motor facial expression = CN VII; most facial sensation = CN V; angle of mandible/lower auricle = great auricular nerve C2–C3.
• Central facial infection can spread through facial/angular venous channels to the cavernous sinus.
• Major facial trauma: airway first + cervical-spine protection; avoid nasal instrumentation when severe midface/skull-base injury is suspected.
• Le Fort I = floating palate; II = pyramidal/floating maxilla; III = craniofacial dysjunction/floating face. Classic patterns involve the pterygoid plates.
• Flattened cheek + infraorbital numbness ± trismus → ZMC fracture; diplopia/restricted vertical gaze + V2 numbness + teardrop sign → orbital blowout fracture.
• Cleft lip: failed maxillary–medial nasal/intermaxillary fusion; Pierre Robin: micrognathia → glossoptosis → airway obstruction; Treacher Collins: mandibular/zygomatic hypoplasia + ear/hearing abnormalities.
• Infantile hemangioma proliferates then involutes; high-risk lesions may require propranolol. Port-wine stain + seizures/glaucoma → consider Sturge-Weber syndrome.
• BCC = pearly/rodent ulcer + peripheral palisading; SCC = keratin pearls; melanoma prognosis tracks Breslow thickness.
• Leonine facies + madarosis → lepromatous leprosy.

1. FACIAL ANATOMY & DANGEROUS VENOUS CONNECTIONS

2. FACIAL INFECTION & CAVERNOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS

3. MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA

4. FACIAL LACERATIONS & FACIAL-NERVE LOCALIZATION

5. CONGENITAL CRANIOFACIAL DISORDERS

6. FACIAL VASCULAR LESIONS & STURGE-WEBER

7. FACIAL SKIN MALIGNANCY