PART 6 — EYES
<aside>
📚
Study use: Rapid ophthalmic anatomy, optics, refractive error, cataract, glaucoma, red eye, cornea, uvea, retina, optic nerve, pediatric eye disease, ocular emergencies, and instrument/image recognition. Management points are intentionally concise and should be interpreted with the clinical context.
</aside>
<aside>
🚦
Priority Guide: 🔴 Core / Must Know | 🟠 Important | 🟡 Additional
</aside>
🎯 High-Yield Overview
- Pinhole improvement → refractive error. Myopia → concave lens; hyperopia → convex lens; astigmatism → cylindrical lens.
- Cataract: gradual painless visual loss; nuclear sclerosis may produce a myopic shift/“second sight”; visually significant cataract → surgery.
- Late painless blur after cataract surgery → posterior capsular opacification → Nd:YAG capsulotomy; painful red eye with marked visual loss after intraocular surgery → endophthalmitis.
- POAG: painless optic neuropathy + cupping + peripheral field loss; acute angle closure: painful red eye + halos + shallow chamber + fixed mid-dilated pupil.
- HSV keratitis: dendritic ulcer with terminal bulbs; fungal keratitis: vegetative trauma + feathery margins/satellites; Acanthamoeba: contact lens + pain out of proportion + ring infiltrate.
- Anterior uveitis: pain + photophobia + cells/flare + small/irregular pupil; HLA-B27 is a classic association.
- Retinal detachment: flashes → floaters → curtain; CRAO: cherry-red spot; CRVO: blood-and-thunder.
- Diabetic retinopathy: microaneurysm = earliest classic visible lesion; neovascularization defines proliferative disease.
- Retinoblastoma: child + leukocoria + calcified intraocular mass; RB1, 13q14.
- Chemical injury: irrigate immediately; open globe: rigid shield + no tonometry; metallic intraocular foreign body: CT, avoid MRI until metal is excluded.
1. EYE OPTICS, AQUEOUS FLOW, REFRACTION & AMBLYOPIA
2. LENS & CATARACT — TYPES, SURGERY & COMPLICATIONS
3. GLAUCOMA
4. CONJUNCTIVA, CORNEA & INFECTIOUS RED EYE
5. UVEITIS, EPISCLERITIS & SCLERITIS
6. RETINA — DETACHMENT, VASCULAR DISEASE & RETINOPATHIES